Learning Autobiography free essay sample

She instilled in me that knowledge gave me choices in life, she also had to be organised and disciplined with her time as she cared for my two sisters and was partially sighted. She always ensured she had enough time to support and encourage me; she even bought me my first encyclopaedia, although second hand, it was one of my most treasured possessions. One of the greatest lessons she was able to give me was the understanding of different cultures (especially cooking) and beliefs as she was Anglo- Indian and English was her second language and her friends on the estate came from every corner of the globe. In secondary school I was privileged to be taught by one of the most patient, professional and knowledgeable history teachers, Mrs Golding. I never recall her ever raising her voice or embarrassing anyone in front of fellow students. Mrs Golding arranged a guest speaker from the Roman exhibition in Chelmsford, he brought replica shields, armour etc, he started explaining the formations used against certain types of enemy, e. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Autobiography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. cavalry. Mrs Golding decided to go into the playground and role-play the scenarios which was great fun and helped me remember the lesson. I now see we learned more by doing than by just being talked at, which is something I respect and hopefully will implement myself. Mrs Golding arranged a trip to Dover to look at the radar installations and WWII museum. Other than the historical and academic value, she was, I believe, very perceptive that the average student in her class came from a poor background and probably had never seen the sea or any of the delights that a coastal town hold. The thoughtfulness behind this act has never been forgotten by me and I am sure many other students of her class. My worst teacher was Mr Kelly, PE and geography. He was a bully who terrorised students. He would tell you to read chapters in silence then ask you to write up the chapters in your own words, every lesson was the same, and put me off geography Nigel Groser EPF14 1. 3 Autobiography 11/10/2012 for life. I believe he really only wanted to teach PE, therefore, had no enthusiasm, commitment or focus on teaching geography. The only joy he ever got was by throwing chalk as hard as he could at students who talked and making them bring it back to him. The most enthusiastic, passionate and creative lecturer I ever had was William Ang’awa, enterprise and marketing at Sunderland University. His belief in student’s potential is contagious and he has been the most inspiring individual I have ever met. He has a determined, focused and positive belief that everyone has the ability or skill to succeed at something. It is our job as educators to help them find it, encourage it, grow it and let them flourish. This whole reflection on my learning journey has highlighted positive teaching attributes which I must endeavour to bring to my own classroom.

What would you consider to be expressionist features in Fritz Lang Essays

What would you consider to be expressionist features in Fritz Lang Essays What would you consider to be expressionist features in Fritz Lang Paper What would you consider to be expressionist features in Fritz Lang Paper Expressionism is a style dedicated to distorted camera angles and a harsh contrast of light and shadow (Fabian Ziesing). Often in expressionist works the representation of reality is distorted for the sake of conveying an inner vision(Harvard). Words such as dark demonic twisted haunted and tormented (Elsaesser 2000 p19) are relevant to expressionist cinema. There are many aspects in Fritz Lang.s M that could be considered as expressionist, these are the topic, chiaroscuro (the use of light and shadow), abstraction and essentialisation, duality, the predilection for the studio, the use of objects and space and photography style. One of the key features of expressionist film is its topic. The characteristic topics used in expressionist cinema tend to have a fascination with death, disease, illness, depression, despair and melancholy. There is very often a strong emphasis on psychological problems. The themes used often in expressionist painting and literature are also present in expressionist cinema, the theme of alienation, and of the individual as subject to tyrannical or supernatural forces beyond his or her control (Aitken 2001 p54). Expressionist cinema depicts the unstable, unreality of society at this time. The most crucial themes of the genre are particularly present in M. The murderer Hans Beckert is essentially a normal human being but when he sees a child he is overcome with the compulsion to murder. He tries to fight his compulsion but the forces at work are beyond his control. It is an illness he didnt choose to have and one he cant control Beckert tries to suppress his devious instincts (cyberroach.com) and control himself but fails and his transformation into the murderer is complete. Despair and depression often feature in expressionist cinema and are very apparent in M. When Elsie Beckmann doesnt return home from school Lang. shows the despair of a mother who deep down knows the fate of her daughter. Lang. features the despair of a mother whose little girl does not come home from school (Kracauer 1997 p122). Chiaroscuro is one of the most prominent features of expressionist cinema. In M there is a stark visual contrast between light and shadow, in which forces, shapes and tonalities clash. Lang.s chiaroscuro has produced some poignant images. A classic, perfect example of German expressionism is when the shadow of the murderer appears on the reward poster above the head of Elsie Beckmann, who is bouncing her ball against the poster, which advertises a reward for finding the killer. Elsie Beckmann has no idea of the warning looming above her head. This use of shadow is not purely ornamental it is an effect used to grip the audience, which is hugely successful. The same affect is achieved when the thieves have a conference to discuss what to do about the killer, in this scene an anonymous, abstract image is created (Eisner 1986 p 117). Their shadows appear across the screen as they carry out their conversation. Lang. also creates an indefinite chiaroscuro atmosphere when he uses cigarette smoke floating in the glow of a hanging lamp at the thieves meeting. In this scene the light barely manages to penetrate through the think clouds of smoke, this is also true of the police conference scene in which the smoke gets thicker and thicker distorting the light. As the milieus of the police and the underworld inter-cut, the men participating in these meetings are shown in silhouette accentuating their similarities. Another example is when the murderer looks into a shop window and his face appears to be framed in the light, which was reflected from the knives displayed there. This lighting effect separates and isolates Hans Beckert from the rest of the world by his inhuman urges. In one on the final scenes when the murderer is finally caught Lang. freezes him by using one single beam of light creating an image reminiscent of a deer caught in the headlights of a car. The use of objects and space are a very expressionistic feature. In the scene where Elsie is murdered the camera cuts from where Elsie is to where she isnt using inanimate objects and empty spaces to make her fate more horrifying. When Elsies mother is desperately calling her Lang. uses a series of still life shots in succession. These are the empty and rather sinister looking spiral staircase with its shadows like prison bars, the empty and dismal courtyard, the attic where the washing hangs, Elsies seat at the dinner table, to her ball rolling from the undergrowth and her balloon with its string entangled in the telegraph cables. When the moving camera freezes on these objects there is no doubt in anyones mind about what has happened to Elsie inanimate objects stand in for an absent and violently silenced person (Kaes 2000 p 13). Another feature, which is considered to be expressionist, is the tendency towards abstraction and essentialisation. The expressionist tends to place more importance on mental images than on real things; this method provides full emotional impact without sickening the audience. We hear the murderer talking to Elsie Beckmann and buying her a balloon to win her confidence. In the next scene we see Elsies ball roll into the frame and her balloon caught in the telegraph cables. Although we do not witness Elsies murder we have no doubt about Elsies fate (Kaes 2000 pp 13-14). Expressionist film also has a tendency towards duality. Very often there is a character that appears harmless but actually has a more morbid counterpart much like the creepily pitiable child murderer in M (Elsaesser 2000 p 19). The murderer in M is a seemingly inconspicuous man and so that he can be recognised he must be branded with the chalk sign of the letter m on his shoulder. He has a child like innocence and vulnerability, which is combined with his compulsion to murder, which creates a character who is worryingly human. There are a number of double images or double reflections in M, which depict a dark side, the disorder of society and the murderous impulses of Hans Beckert. In an early scene in the film we see the murderer looking at his reflection in a mirror attempting to seek out the madman that lives within him. In one scene we see him looking in a shop window calmly eating an apple when he sees a young girls reflection in the shop window, he is suddenly mesmerised and his eyes begin to bulge and he begins to break out in a sweat. This shows Hans Beckerts split personality in M. In this same scene he sees his own reflection, here the normal man on the street becomes a menacing reflection of himself. Later, the murderer sees himself in another mirror image in which he discovers he has been found out when he sees the letter m on his back. Just as the audience begins to feel some kind of pity and sympathy for the killer his darker side is shown in the reflected images. The stylisation of the set and acting can be identified with expressionism. In expressionist cinema there is a predilection for filming in the studio as opposed to the street and expressionism is known for the use of eccentric sets. In M when the police raid the allotment gardens the pictorial composition is emphasised (Eisner 1986 p116). In the most famous German expressionist film The Cabinet of Dr Caligari the sets are extremely artificial and designed specifically to look that way. Some of the acting in M is highly gesticulated particularly in the scene where the bald man is having dinner in a club and is accused of having an interest in young girls. In this scene the acting is very stylised and slightly exaggerated creating a comedic effect. The photography style used in M is extremely expressionistic. Lang. uses odd camera angles to create a hypnotic and nightmarish world. In the very first scene, we see the children are playing a game of elimination, in which the next child out is essentially the next child to be murdered. In this scene the camera hovers above not singling out any of the children by using a close up shot, it simply records the process of elimination in this scene the camera separates the mothers from their children with walls, closed doors and railings. The camera moves unevenly attempting to draw attention to itself. The camera then cuts to the staircase where it comments and investigates the pregnant woman who is coming up the stairs. When Elsie is murdered the camera freezes on Elsies empty chair, this shot was taken from above in true expressionist style. Another example is when the girl on the street asked a man for the time and the public immediately views him with suspicion. Lang. makes excellent use of camera angles to show the persecution of this man; he is shot from a high angle and his accusers from a low angle accentuating the way they tower over him. Fritz Langs. M is a masterpiece of low keyed Expressionism (www.nyfavideo.com) Although M contains some of the key features of the expressionist movement it is not considered as one of the main films of the movement only a small number of German films can be described as thoroughgoing expressionist works (www.courses.fas.harvard.edu) Fritz Langs. M is most certainly influenced by expressionism. The film evokes a sense of doom and despair and features the paranoid pathology of the individual who has no control over his actions. This is a typical topic of expressionist cinema. Hans Berkert is a man who is possessed of some demon that has driven him beyond the borders of ordinary human behaviour (Eisner 1986 p111) and as a result he is dehumanised by society in his final scene. Even though it is clear that his problems are psychological and cannot be controlled. The most conscious effort of expressionism being adapted for German cinema was for The Cabinet of Dr Caligari (1920) by Robert Wiene. The film was made to look alien and unreal and followed a doctor who committed murder through a monster whose will he controlled. Expressionism delves into the landscape of an unbalanced mind. In M the topic is focused on split personality, which is one of the themes more commonly associated with nineteenth century romanticism. It has been suggested that the sequence at the beggars exchange also contained elements of romanticism. Expressionism uses high angle shots to record states of fear, doubt and anxiety thus creating a frighteningly influenced world. The common features of expressionism were influential in the making of Fritz Langs M. Some suggest that theres no movie thats more German , Expressionist or noir than Fritz Langs M (Morris 2000 p1).However, by many M is not considered to be one of the landmark films of the era.

Latino/a Sexuality and the Heteronormative

Latino/a Sexuality and the Heteronormative In his novel The Brief and Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Junot Diaz examines Latino identities and sexuality, and the ways in which both are affected and informed by violence. This violence is enacted through institutions like the state, through representation and misrepresentation, and by the very nature of sex and sexuality. Diaz gives an analysis of identity and sexuality, pointing to the way in which it is not only formed and generated by oneself, but also put on and impressed, through violence or with violent repercussions. Reinaldo Arenas’s autobiography Before Night Falls conveys similar themes as Diaz’s novel about the way in which sexuality is policed through violence from the stateparticularly in the form of dictatorships. Arenas depicts life in Cuba at the time of Castro, discussing how Castro, and the state, presented homosexuality as evidence of being unpatriotic and against nationalism, as well as grounds for torture and imprisonment. Many of the men who engage in homosexual acts are not homosexual themselves, and it is in fact such policing that causes more sex acts to occur. This environment of violence and sexuality, then, also carries over to all other aspects of life. Similarly, Diaz discusses the way sexuality comes into play in the Dominican Republic, during the time of Trujillo. Oscar’s mother Beli falls prey to the violence of the state in the form of an attack sanctioned by Trujillo’s sister, who does not agree with her relationship with her husband, the Ga ngster. In this way Diaz, like Arenas, dismantles the idea of the state as a noble protector and enforcer of just laws, illustrating the ways in which it in fact carries out injustices, and performs its own agenda. Both authors also describe how such violent enforcement does not garner successBeli continues to have an amorous relationship with the Gangster, even after the attack, and Arenas continues to have sex with men, in fact gaining more opportunities for sex acts due to state oppression. Foucault, in his The History of Sexuality, discusses the idea of the repressive hypothesis, talking about how sexuality is thought of as having a history of repression, and discussions of sexuality have been withheld since the Victorian era. Foucault points to the inaccuracy of this claim, stating that silence itself performs a certain kind of discourse, and the repression of discourses on sexuality are instrumental in their formation. Diaz, too, discusses a similar idea regarding the withholding of informationhe relates a story in which Abelard, Oscar’s grandfather, is imprisoned and violently tortured by Trujillo for hiding away his daughter and wife from his rapacious sexual appetite. He then contrasts this narrative with mention of another possible reason for his imprisonment, relaying information about a possible book that Abelard could have written about Trujillo, displaying the supernatural qualities of Trujillo and his regime. In doing so, Diaz gives mentions la pagina blanca, the information that is missing or unknown from such narratives, and the ways in which it can speak louder than any words can. The erasure of violence from public knowledge, as well as the erasure for the reasons for its production, does not remove knowledge of its existence or its effects. In this way, sexuality and violence, even when being given the illusion of being silenced, emerge and are spoken about even through its absence from public discourse. Ricardo L. Ortiz, in his article â€Å"Cultural Erotics of Cuban America† analyses the impact of Arenas’s life and death. As a homosexual, Arenas was placed outside of the context of Cuban nationalism, even being categorized as a terrorist subject in regards to his homosexuality, and through his death, Arenas simultaneously reaffirmed his identity as a Cuban in spite of being outside of Castro’s nationalist project, and attacked him as the cause of his death. Ortiz discusses Arena’s death in a pro-life context of protest through calling attention to the flaws and injustices of the Cuban government, while claiming sexuality as an element necessary for sustaining life. Similarly, Diaz constructs a similar understanding of Oscar’s death in his novel. Oscar essentially commits suicide by choosing to stay with Ybin, in spite of knowing that her violently angry boyfriend will come after him. As Ybin’s boyfriend is employed by the state, he can be s een as a manifestation of its violence, as well as a re-embodying of the violence of state enacted in past times, to Beli. Oscar’s sexuality comes to be the cause of his death, and he comes to fulfill his Dominican identity through its expression. As such, both authors point to the nature of protest through death and beyond life, and Latino sexuality as crucial to understandings of Latino identity. Further, the state can be evidenced as manipulating representations of sexuality for its own aims. In A Queer Mother For a Nation, Licia Fiol-Matta analyzes how the state became encapsulated in the image of Gabriela Mistral, and why she became a symbol for the nation. Mistral’s masculine, gender-queer identity and demeanor allowed her to be taken seriously in spite of being female, and still encompass desired state-sanctioned feminine traits like motherhood. Mistral followed in the state’s racist rhetoric, maintaining an â€Å"othering† gaze against blacks and pushing for racial cleansing through producing more white-mixed offspring. This racist rhetoric provided the state with a language in which to â€Å"other† black populations through the passive violence of exclusion and negative representation. Similarly, Diaz presents the figure of Oscar Wao in an interestingly contradictory light. He does not possess any of the traits of a stereotypical Dominican, and throughout his life finds it extremely difficult to flirt, date, or have sex with any girls because of his extremely nerdy and socially awkward personalityeventually coming to do violence to himself in part because of his inability to perform this aspect of his identity and sexuality. In spite of this, he eventually fulfills the saying that no Dominican man dies a virgin, by having sex with his prostitute girlfriendand in doing so comes to exemplify the idea that even as an exception to the rule, he can perform his â€Å"Dominican-ness† to the fullest. As such, Diaz examines in a tongue-in-cheek manner the way Latino bodies are stereotyped, even inside of the Latino community, and the violence of this type of representation, as well as the affect it can have on identity. In this way, both authors discuss the politics of representation and the contradictory and performative nature of identity and sexuality. Philippe Bourgois, in his anthropological analysis of Puerto Rican street life depicted in In Search of Respect: Selling Crack en El Barrio performs a similar violence through his representation of Latino bodies. As an outsider to this community, Bourgois casts an â€Å"othering† gaze on Puerto Rican crack dealers and creates a culture of difference between readers (as well as himself) and the members of the community he depicts. One of the aspects of this distance comes from an eroticisation of violence in the name of providing unadulterated truth (and of course, for consumer marketability)which brings to mind questions of, when is it okay to reproduce structures of violence, when doing so produces the same violence? Diaz asks a similar question in his reproduction of stereotypes of oversexed, hypersexual Dominicans in the figures of Yunior and Oscarwhat is authorial responsibility, especially in regards to the understandings of readerships? How can this violence be avoided? Diaz himself constructs problematic depictions of females and female sexuality, describing women in a somewhat chauvinistic lightmany of the female figures are represented as objects for the males to conquer through sexual pursuit. For both authors, the replication of such structures supports and reproduces racist and sexist ideas through consumerism. Such ideas then become part of a system of capitalism, providing interesting implications regarding the â€Å"selling† of problematic constructions of identity and sexuality. And as sexuality plays a large part in understandings of the formation of identity, these types of representations can have the effect of creating an environment in which violence becomes normalized in everyday consciousness. In his theoretical work Disidentifications, Jos? Esteban Munoz discusses his theory of disidentification, stating the ways in which categorization through sexuality and race, among other things, allows for a dismissal of or limiting understandings of identity. Disidentification, then, becomes a survival strategy, a way of avoiding the way in which representation can be unrelatable, or reproduced through the systemic violence of rearticulation. Much as Munoz examines the work of Carmelita Tropicana or Marga Gomez, and how they reclaim possibly harmful representations through camp, Diaz reproduces tongue-in-cheek stereotypes of Dominican identity and sexuality, and provides alternative representations of Latino identity and sexuality through his characters. Lola, for example, is represented as having a very present sense of sexuality, but is costumed in the role of a â€Å"goth.† Both writers point to the importance of the multiplicity of identity, and find ways to articulate La tino identity and sexuality that do not conform with the violence of heteronormative ideals. Junot Diaz examines the nature of identity and sexuality in regards to Latino bodies, and the ways in which they are impressed, manipulated, or reproduced through violence. Disidentification, perhaps, provides a necessary step towards providing an alternative consciousness and understanding of identity that does not become enmeshed in the culture of differenceand asks further questions about the way hegemonic society, institutions, and normalized violence enforces and regulates these ideas. How, then, can we use disidentification to further remove ourselves from the violent and harmful heteronormative? And what are the ways we can imagine ourselves in a more broad, inclusive sense of being?

Introduction economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Introduction economics - Essay Example and S. Brue, 2005). That people have different mental, physical, and aesthetic talents are verifiable realities. That some have who may have inherited the exceptional mental qualities and that are essential to such high paying occupations such as corporate leadership and medicine (McConnell. and S. Brue, 2005; Frank, 1996; Jennings, B. et al, 2002). Others are also gifted or borne with the physical capacity and coordination to become highly paid professional athletes. Further, one can observe that a few have talents can aspire to actually become artists and musicians while allowing the others to have beauty to become to fashion models (McConnell. and S. Brue, 2005). Unfortunately, others have weak mental talents and may spend their lives working in low-paying occupations. In some cases, they may be unluckily incapable of earning any income at all. The rest of people may have intelligence and skills that come between two the extremes. People differ also in terms of education and training. Some people have native ability, and some people might further develop and refine their talents capabilities through education and training. With difference in education and training their capacity will also vary to cause them to have varying income. Companies employing discrimination in hiring also causes in equality in income. As in the United States, discrimination could restrict racial and ethnic minorities to low-paying occupations (McConnell. and S. Brue, 2005). The reality of preferences and risks chosen by different people (Bonvin and Farvaque, 2005; Esters and Ledoux, 2001; OHalloran and Linton, 2000) for work relative to pleasure, to work in the household and the types of market work definitely will cause differences in income as riskier jobs would normally get paid higher. Wealth produces income and the unequal distribution in the former could be factors in causing inequality as well in income distribution. A wealthy person who

Energy Wedges Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Energy Wedges - Lab Report Example (Carbon Mitigation Initiative, 2006) This can be achieved by use of energy wedges to achieve a stabilization triangle. This triangle is to be made of eight wedges with each wedge representing a reduction of one billion tonnes of carbon emitted per year and hence a total of eight billion tones in reduction (Margolis, 2003). The four colors of the wedge pieces indicated the major category (fossil fuel-based (blue), efficiency and conservation (yellow), nuclear (red), and renewables and bio-storage (green). We choose a red, yellow, blue, or green wedge for our strategy andlabeled the wedge to indicate the specific strategy. For each of the 8 strategies chosen, we filled out one line in the Wedge Worksheet. After all 8 wedges had been chosen; we tallied total cuts from each energy sector (Electricity, Transport, and Heat) and costs. We then used the scoring table to predict how different interest groups would rate our wedge on a scale from 1 to 5. In the group discussion everyone contributed really substantially and significantly and we all agreed unanimously on the choice of wedges. The wedges selected as shown earlier in this report were due to the relative ease of achieving them. Also considering the effectiveness of each wedge we agreed that our choices were the best. Our group majorly based our choices on the relative costs as they were low cost and this would attract the political will as well as public will in general. (Hotinski, 2007) Each of the 8 strategies above has the potential to reduce global carbon emissions by at least 1 billion tons per year by 2054, or 1 wedge. A combination of strategies will be needed to build the 7 wedges of the stabilization triangle. In summary, No one strategy will suffice to build the entire stabilization triangle. New strategies will be needed to address both fuel and electricity needs, and some wedge strategies compete with others to replace emissions from the same source.

Black Bourgeoisie Essay Example for Free

Black Bourgeoisie Essay E. Franklin Frazier’s Black Bourgeoisie was more prophetic than many realized. Frazier, who addressed the burgeoning black middle class, expressed concern about the intra-class conflict vis-a-vis socioeconomic status of black folks. Frazier notes that the black middle class was in a rush by the 1960s to assimilate. During the Harlem Renaissance, even W. E. B. Du Bois â€Å"strategically included white judges on panels for their black literary competitions, in hopes that white approval would add luster to black achievements. † This shift that occurred was not a mass or universal one. The black middle class was still small and would not be catapulted until after the advent of Affirmative Action. According to the perspective of E. Franklin Frazier, the â€Å"Black Bourgeoisie† played an important role among American Negros for decades. Frazier’s study led him to the significant of â€Å"Negro Business† and its impact on the black middle class. Education was a major social factor responsible for emergence of the Black bourgeoisie. By fact, the net total number of the free Negroes in the first generation topped out at 37,245 with an estimated accumulation of 50,000,000 in real and personal wealth before the civil war. Free Negroes in southern cities undertook businesses in skilled labor such as carpenters, tailors, shoemakers, wheelwrights, bricklayers, butchers, and painters. The failure of the Freedmen’s Bank contributed to the slow development of the black middle class when Blacks put all their money into the Black banks and when they went under only forty percent of deposits were returned. Occupational differentiation is the change in work field for the Black class. A small professional group making up three percent of all workers had gradually become differentiated from the majority of Blacks. Occupational differentiation had proceeded slowly because Blacks were accustomed to the agriculture field and not only until the migrations to the North were had had they introduced to the industrial centers. In addition the Depression played a role in slowing up the process. Black-owned businesses are primarily service establishments simply because of the refusal on the part of white establishments to provide personal services for Negroes. The debate over true liberalism among blacks still exists. I have found the upper black middle class to be far more conservative and less active towards civil rights and social policy of late. I am concerned that the black bourgeoisie is willing to shift its focus away from the liberalism that put them in their position for racial acceptance. I believe integration is vital to a liberal society as noted by my neighborhood, friends, and place of employment; however, I do not think the black middle class should play the conservative card that carries with it values, attitudes, and behaviors that do not represent progress for all minority groups. Sure 90% of blacks vote in a solid block for the Democratic Party, but that block is not as tight as it used to be.

The Teachers of Siddhartha :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

The Teachers of Siddhartha      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the book Siddhartha, by Herman Hesse, the main character Siddhartha had many teachers along his quest for happiness.   Throughout his life he denounced   teachers and their teachings.   In his last meeting with his lifelong friend, Govinda, he mentions five in which he was indebted :   a beautiful courtesan, a rich merchant, a dice player, a Buddhist monk, and Vasudeva.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first of these teachers along his way was Kamala a beautiful courtesan. Kamala taught him the wonderful pleasures of love and the importance of wealth and riches in society .    ³It [had] never been my experience that a Samana from the woods should come to me and desire to learn from me.   Never has a Samana with long hair and an old torn loin cloth come to me.   Many young men come to me, including Brahmin's sons but they come to me in fine clothes, in fine shoes; there is scent in their hair and money in their purses.   That is how these young men come to me, O Samana. ²Ã‚   These teachings in which Kamala placed upon him helped him to seek out the riches and wealth that would supposedly bring him happiness.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another of the people who Siddhartha obtained knowledge from was the rich merchant Kamaswami.  Ã‚   Kamaswami taught Siddhartha the secrets of making money and living the life of a rich man. While working for Kamaswami   many of Siddhartha's values stayed intact but, slowly   these  Ã‚   values began to slip away.   In many ways Kamaswami taught Siddhartha the dark side of life.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the days went on Siddhartha began hating himself more and more.   He viewed his riches as worthless, for they did not truly bring him happiness. Slowly he began squandering his money playing dice.  Ã‚   He won thousands and lost thousands in order to reach the high he felt when he carelessly bet his money away.   This taught him the worthless value of   money, for money only brought more and more sadness.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally after rejecting this life of sin he vowed to leave the city and never return.   As he retreated into the forest he decided to go to the river. At the river he found his friend Govinda, who had watched over Siddhartha while

How Does Wilfred Owen Describe the Horrors of War in Dulce Et Decorum Est? Essay

The First World War was a time of great loss of life and bloodshed. Wilfred Owen, a soldier fighting with the British Army, wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est to describe, possibly to the public, the horrific consequences of taking part and fighting in the war. During the poem, he describes the aftermath of a poison gas attack, and the injuries sustained by a soldier whom had inhaled the deadly substance. Owen uses gruesome imagery to vividly show in verse the horrible death the soldier faces, in the trenches of France. The poem Dulce et Decorum est is widely regarded as one of the greatest war poems ever written, and is a fine example of an anti-war protest in the form of poetry. The title of the poem is taken from an ode from a Roman philosopher and writer, published many hundreds of years before the poem. These Latin words are briefly translated into English as ‘it is sweet and right.’ The use of ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ in the title of the poem is essenti ally a use of sarcasm, using a common phrase in British Army culture at the time, to almost ridicule the idea that it is a wise thing to do to die in battle, for your country. The first verse of the poem opens with the soldiers walking through the landscape of the trench warfare system, in the thick of what would be a raging battle. These two first lines show the conditions the soldiers faced out on the front line, cursing ‘through sludge.’ After the battle, they ‘turn (their) backs’ on ‘the haunting flares’ and begin to slowly walk towards their ‘distant rest,’ an area where they may recuperate after long periods in the ferocious battle. In this section of the poem, Wilfred Owen describes the soldiers as ‘old beggars under sacks,’ and ‘hags.’ Both of these comparisons are presented in the form of separate similes. The effect that this creates on the reader is that of war being tiring and exhausting – as well as the toll that it takes on the soldiers’ mental and/or emotional state. This widely-known fact is documented in lines five and seven; ‘men marched asle ep,’ and ‘drunk with fatigue,’ respectively. These uses of language suggest that even though they were constantly stressed and tired, the soldiers fighting were still able to make rational decisions, and could do tasks, even when they were in such a delusional state. This was probably because of the repetitive nature of their job. The last line of verse one describes how the 5.9cal (calibre) ‘Five-Nines’ were out of range, as the soldiers trudged away from the guns. Owen uses words in verse one which could be described as very ‘ugly in texture.’ For example, as mentioned earlier, the use of words like ‘beggar’ and ‘hag’ dismiss the image of a fit, athletic, healthy soldier that most would expect to be on the battlefield, and replaces it with a strikingly contrasting one, halting the poem as the reader makes light of the awful situation of The Great War. Another word that Wilfred Owen used, and that I have decided to comment on, is the word blood-shod. Although not used often nowadays, in this poem it is used to describe the visual state of the soldiers, covered in blood. It seems a dehumanizing image, as they are crushed by the constant strains of battle. The first verse, like the second, is written in sonnet form, however the rhythm loosens towards the end o f the first verse as it leads up to an important moment at the beginning of the second verse. That important moment is put somewhat sharply to the reader, as it shocks them, with a very clever use of dialogue. The reason I think it is brilliant is because it jumps into the thick of the action, transitioning from the slow tempo of the end of battle (for that day!) to the panic and perhaps confusion of a poison-gas attack, all in just four words. Slight confusion can actually be perceived, as the ‘ecstasy of fumbling’ ensues, with the soldiers obviously struggling to fit ‘the clumsy helmets just in time.’ This ‘just in time’ part implies that everyone is okay, and has successfully put on their gas-mask before the gas started to work its chilling effects. However, one soldier unfortunately fails to apply his mask, as is told as he was ‘yelling out and stumbling†¦flound’ring like a man in fire or lime.’ The horrible sight is witnessed by the narrator, ‘dim, through the misty panes (of the mask) and thick green light,’ which is actually the hazy, slightly luminescent fluid that hangs around them, probably chlorine gas. It is described as a ‘green sea’ in the next line, and so I think that this is a reference to the huge area it would cover, blighting anyone who crossed within the vicinity. The simile which compares the man’s actions to one who would be in ‘fire or lime’ is describing his desperate attempts – in vain – to help himself. Lime is a substance that would burn human tissue, much like acid. The narrator tells of how he ‘sees the man drowning’ and then of how he constantly dreams about the wretched being, ‘in all my dreams, before my helpless sight, he plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.’ The victim would have experienced a sensation likened to that of drowning, as the gas inflames the lungs and takes up the space that clean air would have took up, much like water. The helpless feeling of the narrator would have been there in all the men, for there was very little thing they could do to heal the sickened man, because of the limited resources and technology of the time. Instead, (the company) flings him ‘into the wagon’ to be taken and disposed of, effectively, as Owen quipped in a nother poem, Anthem for Doomed Youth, herded like cattle. It is in this section that Wilfred Owen shows how the man was now experiencing his final moments, as the ‘white eyes (were writhing) in his face’ and ‘like a devil’s sick of sin.’ The hideous comparisons that follow are sure to live in the memory of anyone actually witnessing the event, and Owen captures them superbly (in literary terms) as he says ‘obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud.’ This is a very in-your-face image, showing the horrid substances issuing from the soldier’s mouth, as his lungs begin to completely disintegrate and he loses control of throat muscles. The descriptions of the soldier’s condition are aimed into shocking the reader, many of whom would be the British public, into turning against the war. This is shown as Wilfred addresses ‘my friend,’ in line 25. This is actually Jessie Pope, who wrote many patriotic poems encouraging young men, much like Owen, to sign up and ‘do their duty.’ Owen was completely disgusted by the way war was portrayed towards the masses in Pope’s well-known poem Who’s for the Game? and wanted to change the opinions of the public and show them what war was really like, for the common, light infantry foot soldier. He says, ‘my friend, you would not tell with such high zest,’ meaning that Pope wouldn’t think the way she did if she knew the true extent of the suffering. To end the poem, Wilfred Owen uses a controversial and slightly outlandish term, lie. This is especially bizarre as it is criticizing the beliefs of at least 80% of Britons at the time, including the monarch, government and high-ranking officials in the military. To put it in context (literally) the ending goes: The old Lie: Dulce et Decorum est Pro patria mori. This means, in English: The old Lie: it is sweet and right To die for your country. To conclude, I have a few more comments to make about the effect of the poem on the public. Owen always strongly believed that there was no glory or pride involved in dying at war. People are told they will be proud to fight, but this is actually all a propaganda scheme to recruit soldiers. In no better way could he have expressed this than in the ending to Dulce et Decorum est. People would be more touched by this poem, had it have been published at the time, not three years later, after Owen’s death. The soldiers are presented in general, as pieces of a toy set. They fight for higher ranking people, in wars that are not, in Owen’s beliefs, fought for the benefit of the people. And obviously, it is the low-paid, life-risking foot soldier that is affected most.

How the Arrival of the Europeans Alter the Environment for Native Americans

Justine Hertwig HIS 416 Exam 1 How did the arrival of the Europeans alter the environment of Native Americans? Documentation and oral history help historians piece together the past. We know when and who arrived in early America, but we don’t have the most detailed idea of what the now United States actually looked like because technology was at a bare minimum. Columbus arrived in1492 and reported vast empty lands ripe for the taking. If America was properly surveyed at that time, Columbus may have had something else to tell the rest of his people.Perhaps he would have described huge civilizations and cities, massive agricultural centers capable of feeding thousands, and domesticated beasts in giant herds. When discussing the involvement of destruction on the early America, it’s easy to point a finger at the Europeans as wasteful and intrusive. Louis S. Warren’s â€Å"American Environmental History† gives points that support the idea that American Indians had already made a significant carbon footprint on the land.According to Warren, Bartolome de las Casa, a Spanish priest and author of many items of literature that demonized the Spanish for their cruelty to the natives, believed that more than 40 million American Indians had died before colonial America had even begun to spread west. The fact that very little population censuses were performed on the native peoples means that that number could be far more or far less. Either way 40 million people would need massive amounts of resources to allow their civilizations to thrive.Warren suggests â€Å"a New World total of 53. 9 million. †-pg. 6 This notion would make Columbus’s claim of vast empty lands ripe for the taking as a gross exaggeration. What we do know is that there are many physical land features that are greatly altered at the hands of the Native peoples not just the invading Europeans. Warren describes evidence that fire had been used as a means of clearing ou t land and pushing back forest lines for agricultural use in the early Americas long before Europeans arrived.Lightning alone could not have been the cause for these massive fires suggesting the American Indians as the culprits. We also know that as the fur trade began to explode, many feuds erupted over hunting lands needed to supply the Europeans with pelts. The Native peoples became dependent on foreign goods such as; copper pots and pans, guns, gun powder, and bullets, and tools offered by the European traders in return for huge numbers of pelts. This trade sparked the Beaver Wars which laid waste to many American Indian tribes and made the trade business even more competitive and cut throat.Besides the unwanted intrusion on enormous areas of â€Å"pre-owned† land and the spread of lethal disease, Warren describes the European settlers cutting down too many trees, over fishing the seafood population, and being generally wasteful of the resources that, at the time, seemed infinite as their primary offense. Yet this claim wasn’t until colonial America was concretely established and westward expansion began for an ever growing population and economic market. Pastoralism was the trend for settlers causing more and more land to be obtained questionably by unknowing American Indians.The European expansion pushed indigenous further and further out of their lands disrupting their ancient tradition forever. The environment became hostile immediately after the first Europeans arrived, not just from fighting over land ownership but because of the death brought on by foreign disease and threat of being captured during raids from enemy tribes and sold to the Europeans as slaves. It’s obvious that European arrival greatly impacted and altered the physical environment for the American Indians, but to say that they were the only people that laid waste to forests and herds of animals is just egregious.Warren suggests that the land was significantly alt ered with soil erosion as well as a growing medium left with little nutrients for further growing seasons. -pg. 90 Yet the question of â€Å"Which civilization decimated the land the most? † remains. If disease, forced relocation and war hadn’t all but destroyed the American Indians by the 1700’s who’s to say that they wouldn’t have ravaged the land and its resources to support the massive native population. 100 years after first European contact the native population was reduced by over 90%.This gives convincing evidence that the landscape that colonial settlers described as lush, wild and unused was once extremely modified by natives a few hundred years before European arrival. How has disease shaped the historical development in the United States? Until the arrival of the Europeans, the New World was free of measles, typhus, cholera, and smallpox. When the Spanish invaded Mexico, they brought with them a silent killer more potent than any army. The infectious diseases ravaged the American Indians because they had no immunity.By the early 1600’s, the indigenous population was decimated from smallpox, mumps, measles and other European diseases. The large-scale epidemics that followed devastated native communities creating cultural disruption. This greatly weakened their capacity for military response and inadvertently paved the way for rapid European expansion and cultural dominance. Disease didn’t just give the Europeans the upper hand for domination by reducing American Indians ability to fight back with numbers, it deeply disturbed the native religion.American Indians had shamans or medicine men that, for centuries, provided all that was needed to treat their ailments. Warren lists the diseases not foreign to the natives as; pinta, yaws, venereal syphilis, hepatitis, encephalitis, polio, some varieties of tuberculosis and intestinal parasites. -pg. 51 As Old World disease took hold of the American Indians th ey turned to their shamans and medicine men for solution. Like the Puritans, American Indians first believed sickness was caused by sin.Their God, or in American Indian sense their spirit world, was giving ailment to punish those not living correctly. The shamans gave instruction on proper ritual and ceremony execution to rid the infected of sickness. After this didn’t work the tribes people began to lose faith. Their traditional medicine wasn’t working and the disease seemed to be indiscriminate to man and woman of any age. This caused the American Indians to look at the European’s state of health. They weren’t affected as harshly because of immunity.Not knowing the concept of immunity, the indigenous began to forsake old ways and assimilate European culture into daily life in hopes to gain strength from the European God that spared his people from sickness and death. Europeans brought catastrophic death to the American Indians as well as the seeds that sprouted a loss of faith in their traditional native ways. The native population wasn’t the only peoples greatly affected by disease. Warren illustrates the devastating effects of cholera and dysentery on colonial America. Many of the colonists just weren’t educated enough to take proper care of themselves when sick.Warren describes the few doctors that lost more patients then they saved. -pgs. 141-147. Many colonists also believed that many sicknesses were due to punishments by God or the doings of evil spirits. Colonial America had major problems with sanitation. They didn’t even know that poor sanitation was the cause for most of the illnesses ailing their people. Colonial homes had no bathrooms or running water. Their toilets were either a chamber pot they kept under beds or a privy. Drinking wells were contaminated by discarding toilet waste into streams and creeks.A lack of understanding pathogens and how they survive caused many, who were able to recover, to get sick all over again. Another problem was that the colonials rarely bathed. They felt that bathing washed away the layer of dirt that was their protection against germs and disease. When they did bathe, it consisted of washing with a cloth dipped into a basin of water. We know now that this could actually spread germs and bacteria instead of ridding them, especially when using the same infected washcloth to bath the sick and the healthy.Cholera itself won’t kill a person, but lack of hydration while expelling most of one’s body fluids while sick will. In hopes to escape the disease that ravaged people in close living quarters, colonists moved to what Warren describes as â€Å"open air and waters of the countryside. †-pg. 154 This caused many to expand their communities to areas unaffected by pathogens and inadvertently â€Å"kicking out† American Indians through manipulation while simultaneously introducing them to more sickness.

A Simple Marketing Task Approval Process to Be More Productive

A Simple Marketing Task Approval Process to Be More Productive Imagine this. Everyone on your team knows exactly what to work on. They knock out high-quality work. The best part? They hit every deadline while they’re at it. And the manager’s role? Leading a simple, two-stage marketing task approval process. Stage one:  you assign a task. Stage two:  you approve the task. Boom. Celebration time. Marketing workflow processes  that actually work are potent productivity boosters. But nestled within every project are tasks that need to be done on time and up to standard. Layering complicated task workflows into your marketing project management process  doesn’t help. Enter today’s post. You’re about to learn a simple, two-stage marketing task approval process that will make you and your team more productive than ever. This process will help marketing managers: Ensure quality standards are always met. Enjoy a nearly-frictionless project management process. Become even better leaders by empowering their team. And it will help marketing team members: Have total clarity on what’s expected of them. Dodge the dreaded feedback void by understanding exactly where their work stands. See a coherent roadmap of what to work on right now in relation to their entire workload. No matter what your role is, this marketing task approval process will cut the clutter and help you do your best, most efficient work to date. but if you’d rather skip the reading and jump straight into getting things done Put Your Marketing Task Approvals On Auto-Pilot With In marketing, there’s an endless swamp of details. There are hidden snags just below the surface that can trip up even the best teams. In turn, this makes running a marketing team at full-speed a challenge. And a frustrating one at that. That’s why we built simple, yet sophisticated, task workflows  to supercharge your output. Recommended Reading: This is How You Supercharge Your Teams Workflows Here’s what your marketing life will look like when powered by task workflows: Avoid static and jump straight into the action  with an ultra-organized task dashboard. Easily assign + schedule tasks with a single click  without drop downs or an endless string of clicks. Benefit from detail-rich tasks  so your team has the context to get the job done right. Prioritize tasks as you see fit  based on overall workload. Rock a seamless combination  of both your personal and team task lists. Enjoy Task Approvals (available on Team Pro plans and higher) as an integrated part of every workflow! This means you can: assign others to review tasks, make decisions faster, and keep track of it all directly in †¦ Say â€Å"sayonara† to endless email threads, constant reminders, and needless interruptions. Schedule a demo  for your team today or snag a free trial  to test drive it in the wild. Master Your Marketing Task Approval Process With Our Free Excel Marketing Checklist Template Up ahead, you’ll get a step-by-step process to master your marketing task approvals. We created the following kit of resources: Marketing checklist template  so your team can march through every task with minimal friction. Marketing team active list  so you can gauge team member workloads at a glance. Marketing project management template Word document  to help supplement your big-picture marketing efforts. Sprint backlog Excel spreadsheet  to plan and manage the scope and timelines of your projects. Snag these docs and follow along as you read today’s post to put everything into action. Alright, let’s rock.

The influence of the european culture in management leadership style Research Paper

The influence of the european culture in management leadership style of european managers working in Asian countries focusing on - Research Paper Example The approach used in leadership and management therefore determines the outcome of the various decisions made. However, all these are influenced by factors such as the immediate as well as external environment, the structure of the organisation or institution, business culture and the relationships which exist between the management and the subordinates (Marcus et al, 2003). Management and leadership are inherently dependent on each other although leadership is a component of management and success in any decision made is influenced by the balance between the two elements (Hofstede, 1991). Management styles are influenced by the leadership styles employed in the running of business entities. There are four fundamental leadership styles although there are several others which are based on the particular management approaches used. These include democratic, laissez faire, autocratic and participative leadership styles. Democratic, laissez faire and participative management leadership s tyles involve staff while autocratic style is purely based on the management making decisions for the business or company (Marcus et al, 2003). ... Asia in specific India has been receptive to the European leadership styles compared to other parts of Asia and African countries. According to Ralston et al (1993), the increase in international affairs has led to the convergence and divergence debate where organizations take strategic positions in different ways. The authors point out that convergence thesis is where economic ideology is the main driver of cultural values for example exposure to European business leads to the adoption of European culture. Thus culture is treated as something accidental that does not have any prior planning for it to take place. On the other hand, Hosfede, (1980, 1991), Adler (2002) point out that a divergence perspective recognizes a country and its cultural differences, they emphasize that culture plays a big role in influencing the way management is conducted. Ward et al (1999) and Ralston et al (1993), indicate that when two cultures meets and equally exchange ideas and values, that is cross â⠂¬â€œdivergence, this type of divergence recognizes the importance of national culture and economic ideology and the synergy between the two â€Å"â€Å"when an individual incorporates both national culture and economic ideology influences synergistically to form a unique value system that is different from the value set supported by either national culture or economic ideology† (Ralston et al, 1997: 183). According to the Centre fro Comparative Management Studies (2011) the relationship between culture and leadership styles and agrees with the notion that culture has a small but significant impact on the leadership styles of an individual , other factors that affect an individuals leadership styles are the

Redemption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Redemption - Research Paper Example In the article, Narrative Antecedents of Pedro Paramo, Paramo exhibits a significant influence on different characters making them to cling into fragile illusions of redemption. Both Susana and Fulgor Sedano are major characters in the novel who have a major influence in plot development. This essay will therefore explore the memory of each character through their relationship with Pedro. The essay will also explore the fragile illusion exhibited by the different characters through their relationship with Pedro. Susan is a major character in the novel and the author uses her influence and relationship with Pedro in theme and plot development. Susan and Pedro grew up together and therefore their relationship is based on their childhood memories. The most significant aspect of their relationship is their endless love. Although Pedro was influential, his love affairs with Susana are based on love and mutual understanding. On the other hand, Susana is attached to Pedro through his past m emories of a loveless life. Although Susan ended up being married to another man, her love for Pedro did not end. Romantic love is therefore, the first relationship between the two characters. The existence of love between the two characters is the basis of other relationships that are exhibited by the two characters throughout the novel. ... Her secrete admiration for Pedro is based on her relationship with her past husband. Although she was married, she never loved him as he loved Pedro. This made her to have endless fantasies about Pedro particularly his body was among her dreams. Susan could not divorce her husband for Pedro and therefore she considered Pedro as her virtual husband. Fulgor is another influential charter that the writer of the book uses for theme and plot development. The author uses his relationship with Pedro to achieve these objectives. Although Pedro has an influential personality, he considers Fulgor been significant for his success. The two characters therefore have equal influence on each other. Firstly, Fulgor is an influential administrator who uses his positions to increase his holdings or wealth. (Rulfo 82) Although Fulgor has authoritative positions, he was unable to achieve his ambitions due to lack of effective people skills. Pedro assumes the position of Fulgor’s personal advisor. Although the relationship is beneficial for both characters, Pedro achieves more gains from the relationship than Fulgor. Fulgor’s ambitions to achieve wealth hindered him from perceiving the gains that Pedro was making from their relationship. In addition, his poor people skills prevented him from looking for an alternative advisor. It is evident that Pedro had excellent people skills that he achieved through manipulation of different people in order to achieve his personal goals. Both Fulgor and Pedro depended on these aspects for their existence. Although Pedro acted as Fulgor’s personal advisor, he required him for his personal success and survival. The administrative position that Fulgor held was an essential requirement for Pedro’s